The Bio Brief

Humans reproduce sexually. Two systems are involved:

 Male Reproductive System

 Female Reproductive System

Male Reproductive System

 Functions

1. Produces sperms (male germ cells)
2. Produces testosterone hormone
3. Delivers sperms to female body

 Main Parts & Their Work

1. Testes

• Make sperms
• Produce testosterone
• Located in scrotum (outside body)

 Reason: Sperms need lower temperature than body temperature.

2. Scrotum

• Skin pouch holding testes
• Keeps testes cool

3. Vas Deferens

• Carries sperms from testes

4. Seminal Vesicles + Prostate Gland

• Add fluid to sperms
• Fluid gives:
  • Nutrition
  • Easy movement

 Sperm + fluid = Semen

5. Urethra

• Common passage for:
  • Urine
  • Semen

6. Penis

• Transfers semen into female body

 Male System Flow Chart

Testes

  ↓

Sperms formed

  ↓

Vas deferens

  ↓

Glands add fluid

  ↓

Semen formed

  ↓

Urethra

  ↓

Penis

 Simple Diagram (Male)

Testes → Vas deferens → Urethra → Penis

   |

 Scrotum

Sperm Structure

• Head → Genetic material
• Tail → Movement

 Female Reproductive System

 Functions

1. Produces eggs
2. Receives sperms
3. Supports baby development
4. Gives birth

 Main Parts & Their Work

1. Ovaries

• Produce eggs (ova)
• Make hormones

At birth: thousands of immature eggs.

After puberty: one egg released every month

2. Fallopian Tube (Oviduct)

• Carries egg to uterus
• Fertilisation happens here

3. Uterus (Womb)

• Baby grows here
• Inner lining thickens every month

4. Cervix

• Opening of uterus

5. Vagina

• Receives sperms
• Birth canal

 Female System Flow Chart

Ovary

 ↓

Egg released

 ↓

Fallopian tube

 ↓

Uterus

 ↓

Vagina

 Simple Diagram (Female)

Ovary → Fallopian Tube → Uterus → Cervix → Vagina

Fertilisation to Birth (Flow Chart)

Sperm meets Egg (Fallopian tube)

          ↓

Fertilisation

          ↓

Zygote formed

          ↓

Embryo

          ↓

Implantation in uterus

          ↓

Foetus

          ↓

Baby (after ~9 months)

 Placenta (Nutrition to Baby)

• Special tissue connecting mother & baby
• Transfers:
   Oxygen
   Food
   Removes waste

Placenta Diagram (Simple)

Mother’s blood

     |

 Placenta

     |

 Embryo

Pregnancy

• Baby develops for ~9 months
• Birth happens by uterus muscle contractions

One-Line Summary

 Sperms are formed in testes, eggs in ovaries, fertilisation occurs in fallopian tube, and the baby grows in uterus for about nine months.